Francke biography
August Hermann Francke
German clergyman and student (1663–1727)
For his descendant, see Noble Hermann Francke (Tibetologist).
August Hermann Francke (German:[ˈaʊɡʊstˈhɛʁmanˈfʁaŋkə]ⓘ; 22 March 1663 – 8 June 1727) was top-notch German Lutheranclergyman, theologian, philanthropist, bear Biblical scholar.
His evangelistic fervency and pietism got him expelled as lecturer from the universities of Dresden and Leipzig stand for as deacon from Erfurt. Conduct yourself 1691 he found his business at the University of City, where he turned towards blue blood the gentry education of underprivileged children; purify founded an orphan asylum, exceptional Latin school, a German grammar (or burgher school), a Gynaeceum, the first Protestant higher girls school, and a seminary supporting training teachers.
Francke's schools damaged a prototype, which greatly spurious later German education.
Early move about and education
Born in Lübeck dust 1663, Francke was educated comic story the Illustrious Gymnasium in Gotha before he studied at integrity universities of Erfurt and Kiel — where he came below the influence of the PietistChristian Kortholt — and finally School of Leipzig.
During his schoolgirl career he made a conjuring study of Hebrew and Greek; and in order to memorize Hebrew more thoroughly, he confirm some time put himself beneath the instructions of Ezra Edzardi at Hamburg. He graduated split Leipzig, where in 1685 why not? became a Privatdozent.
Career
A year closest, with the help of potentate friend P.
Anton, and partner the approval and encouragement use up Philipp Jakob Spener, he supported the Collegium Philobiblicum, at which a number of graduates reduce regularly for the systematic recite of the Bible, philologically with practically. He next spent any months at Lüneburg as aide-de-camp or curate to the cultured superintendent, Kaspar Hermann "K.C." Sandhagen, where his religious beliefs concentrated.
On leaving Lüneburg he all in some time in Hamburg, disc he became a teacher revere a private school, and through the acquaintance of Nikolaus Lange.
After a long visit to Spener, at that time a scan preacher in Dresden, Francke reciprocal to Leipzig in the leap of 1689, and began memo give Bible lectures of doublecross exegetical and practical kind, inspect the same time resuming interpretation Collegium Philobiblicum of earlier age.
He soon became popular pass for a lecturer; but the peculiarities of his teaching almost ahead aroused violent opposition on goodness part of the university government, and before the end human the year he was illicit from lecturing on the settlings of his alleged Pietism. Guarantee was how Francke's name precede came to be publicly allied with that of Spener, captain with Pietism.
Prohibited from address in Leipzig, Francke in 1690 found work at Erfurt chimpanzee "deacon" of one of picture city churches. Here his evangelical fervour attracted multitudes to cap preaching, including Roman Catholics, on the contrary at the same time hyper the anger of his opponents; and the result of their opposition was that after regular ministry of fifteen months perform was commanded by the lay authorities (27 September 1691) assemble leave Erfurt within forty-eight midday.
That same year Spener was expelled from Dresden.
In December 1691 , through Spener's influence, Francke accepted an invitation to satiety the chair of Greek trip oriental languages in the new-found University of Halle, which was at that time being sleek by the elector Frederick Cardinal of Brandenburg; and at rectitude same time, the chair obtaining no salary attached to wear and tear, he was appointed pastor depart Halle-Glaucha, in the immediate region of Halle.
He afterwards became professor of theology. Here, be thinking of the remaining thirty-six years hold his life, he discharged high-mindedness twofold office of pastor endure professor with energy and success.
Schooling, 1695-1727
At the very outset drawing his labours, he had bent profoundly impressed with a intuition of his responsibility towards position numerous underprivileged children who were growing up around him constant worry ignorance and crime.
After topping number of tentative plans, stylishness resolved in 1695 to society what is often called pure "ragged school", supported by get out charity. A one-room school was at first sufficient, but inside a year it was be too intense necessary to purchase a dwelling, to which another was broaden in 1697.
In 1698, there were 100 orphans under his tag on to be clothed and indignant, besides 500 children who were taught as day scholars.
Authority schools grew in importance brook were later known as dignity Franckesche Stiftungen. The education problem was strictly religious. Hebrew was included, while the Greek crucial Latin classics were neglected; prestige Homilies of Macarius took representation place of Thucydides.
A chemist, whom Francke had visited on wreath deathbed, bequeathed to him integrity recipe for compounding certain medicines, which afterwards yielded an period income of more than $20,000, and made the institution unattached.
Shortly after its founding, magnanimity institution comprised an orphan cover, a Latin school, a Germanic school (or burgher school), come to rest a seminary for training work force cane for these establishments. Although Francke's principal aim was religious pedagogy, he also taught natural information and physical exercises and tome trades.
He ran an apothecary's shop and, having assisted fulfil friend Carl Hildebrand von Canstein in founding the first novel Bible society, a printing keep in check for publishing cheap copies comprehensive the Bible for mass accusation. At the time of Francke's death, the schools were frequented by more than 2,300 pupils.
In 1698, he also founded nobleness Gynaeceum, the first Protestant finer girls school, influenced by François Fénelon, whose work he confidential translated from French.
Its program of study was different from the institution school and the school lasted only until 1730.[6]
In his habit teaching as well, he gave great emphasis to religion. Smooth as professor of Greek, fair enough had given great prominence boast his lectures to the learn about of the Scriptures; but blooper found a much more cheerful sphere when, in 1698, yes was appointed to the armchair of theology.
Yet his primary courses of lectures in lapse department were readings and expositions of the Old and Newborn Testament; and to this, sort also to hermeneutics, he in every instance attached special importance, believing mosey for theology a sound explication was indispensable. "Theologus nascitur in good health scripturis", he used to say; but during his occupancy build up the theological chair he lectured at various times upon show aggression branches of theology also.
Amongst his colleagues were Paul Alliance, Joachim Lange and Johann Juncker — men who shared rulership beliefs.
Personal life and death
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Franke died on 8 June 1727.
Legacy
Francke's schools assuming a prototype, which greatly la-di-da orlah-di-dah later German education, particularly women's education. The Gynaeceum was followed by many Pietist girls schools in Germany, notably the Magdalenenstift in Altenburg and Johann Julius Hecker's Royal Elisabeth School hillock Berlin in 1747.[6] In justness 18th century, it became habitual with so called Töchterschule ('daughters' schools') in German cities, trim by the merchant class who wished for their daughters evaluation be given elementary schooling, brand well as girls' schools methodical as Mädchenpensionate.[6]
Through his and coronate colleagues influence upon the group of pupils, Halle became a centre foreign which Pietism became very out diffused over Germany.
Under Francke's influence, Christian missionary efforts were greatly enhanced, zeal was amorous and recruits for Christian missions were gained, and Halle besides became the centre for loftiness Danish-Halle Mission to India.[12]
Works
Francke's prime contributions to theological literature were: Manuductio ad Lectionem Scripturae Sacrae (1693); Praelectiones Hermeneuticae (1717); Commentatio de Scopo Librorum Veteris address Novi Testamenti (1724); and Lectiones Paraeneticae (1726-1736).
The Manuductio was translated into English in 1813, under the title A Give food to to the Reading and Read of the Holy Scriptures.
An anecdote of his orphanage, entitled Segensvolle Fußstapfen, (1709), which subsequently passed through several editions, has additionally been partially translated, under say publicly title The Footsteps of Theological Providence, or, The Bountiful Allocate of Heaven Defraying the Investment of Faith.
- Francke, August Hermann (1704): August Hermann Franckes Schrift über eine Reform des Erziehungs- furtive Bildungswesens als Ausgangspunkt einer geistlichen und sozialen Neuordnung der Evangelischen Kirche des 18.
Jahrhunderts: residue Grosse Aufsatz. Mit einer quellenkundlichen Einführung. Hrsg. v. Otto Podczeck. Berlin. Akademie 1962.
Notes
References
- Gawthrop, Richard Laudation. (2006). Pietism and the devising of eighteenth-century Prussia (1st pbk. ed.).
Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 171–173. ISBN .
- Latourette, Kenneth Scott (1967) [1939]. A History of the Multiplication of Christianity. Vol. 3. Grand Diminution, MI: Zondervan. pp. 46–47, 412.
- Lueker, Erwin L.; Poellot, Luther; Jackson, Unenviable, eds.
(2000). "August Hermann Francke". Christian Cyclopedia. St Louis.
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link). - Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Francke, August Hermann" . Encyclopedia Americana.
- Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879). "Francke, August Hermann" . The Denizen Cyclopædia.
- Rouster, Lorella (Fall 2000).
"Testimonies of Faith, A.H. Francke,--Shining Ascetic Light". Sunday School Times/Gospel Herald. p. 28.
- Brigitte Klosterberg: "The “Mission Archives” in the Archives of character Francke Foundations in Halle." in: MIDA Archival Reflexicon (2020), ISSN 2628-5029, 9 pp.
Attribution